Processus de Khartoum PKH

Mission

The Khartoum Process is a regional dialogue platform established in November 2014 at a Ministerial Conference in Rome. It functions as an inter-continental consultation framework for political cooperation among countries along the migration route between the Horn of Africa and Europe. Formally known as the EU-Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative, the Process aims to establish continuous dialogue for enhanced cooperation on migration and mobility between European Union member states and East African partners. Its mandate encompasses identifying and implementing concrete projects to address trafficking in human beings and the smuggling of migrants, while fostering regional collaboration among origin, transit, and destination countries. The Process operates within the broader Africa-EU migration governance architecture, including implementation of the Joint Valletta Action Plan adopted in 2015 and monitoring of the Cairo Action Plan adopted in April 2025. The Khartoum Process seeks to create common understanding of trafficking and smuggling challenges, establish balanced partnerships across the continent, and promote a spirit of shared responsibility in managing migration flows.

Gouvernance

The Khartoum Process is governed by a Steering Committee comprising six EU Member States (Italy, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, and The Netherlands) and six African partner countries (Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda), supplemented by the European Commission, the European External Action Service, and the African Union Commission. The Chairmanship rotates among member states; France held the Chair through April 2026 and was succeeded by Uganda. The 39 signatory countries of the Rome Declaration (2014) form the full membership, including all EU member states and key East African nations such as Kenya, Somalia, and Djibouti. The Secretariat is jointly managed by the African Union Commission and the European Commission, with the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) providing technical and logistical support through the Africa-EU Migration and Mobility Dialogue (MMD) framework. The governance structure operates across three levels: political meetings at Ministerial and Steering Committee levels, Senior Officials’ Meetings coordinating strategic implementation, and technical thematic meetings and workshops addressing specific migration challenges. The EU provides financial assistance to support core meetings and participation of African member states.

Dossiers clés

• Transition du leadership (2026) : Passage de la Chaire de la France à l’Ouganda en avril 2026 suite à la 25e réunion du Comité directeur et 14e réunion des Hauts fonctionnaires à Paris (13-15 avril 2026). Enjeu de continuité dans la direction stratégique du Processus.
• Cairo Action Plan (2025) : Plan d’action stratégique adopté lors de la 2e Conférence ministérielle au Caire en avril 2025. Structure le cadre politique autour de cinq domaines, dont les voies régulières de migration, la protection des droits et la lutte contre le trafic. Remplace la Rome Declaration de 2014 comme référence politique principale.
• Gouvernance urbaine et déplacement : Réunion thématique ‘Cities at the Frontline’ (Kampala, mars 2026) reconnaissant le rôle des villes comme lieux d’arrivée et d’intégration des réfugiés et déplacés. Émerge comme domaine stratégique aux côtés de la traite et du trafic.
• Coopération interrégionale contre le trafic : Réunion conjointe des Processus Rabat, Khartoum et Niamey (Lagos, novembre 2025) rassemblant 166 représentants de 41 pays pour harmoniser les cadres de prévention, protection et poursuites contre le trafic humain et le smuggling migratoire.
• Identité juridique et ‘migrants disparus’ : Deux thèmes émergents : l’enregistrement civil et l’identité légale comme fondation des droits d’accès aux services (Réunion thématique Paris, 2025) ; première webinaire du Processus sur les ‘migrants disparus’ reconnaissant l’importance de l’approche opérationnelle et humanitaire.